Soybean Oil vs. Palm Oil provision

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Erika Pied

Nutrition Manager/Thailand Burma Border Consortium

Normal user

3 Mar 2009, 09:31

My inquiry relates to the use of soybean oil vs. palm oil. My organization has tasked me with looking into the health implications of switching from soybean oil (which we currently provide as part of the food basket ration) to palm oil for the refugee population we support (~149,000 individuals). I'm well aware of the obvious health implications and controversy around the use of palm oil (and soybean oil for that matter), and am trying to find any documented situations where a switch from one form of oil to another has had measurable changes on a populations health. Unfortunately, I've had limited success researching this topic and limited response from some of my nutrition networks regarding this area. WFP uses palm oil in the region but can justify the cost savings with being able to feed more people - this would not necessarily be the case for us. I was wondering if you could recommend any resources or individuals that might be able to help shed some light on the issue for me as I begin to draft this analysis.

Anonymous 94

Normal user

3 Mar 2009, 13:53

Erika,

I belong to the listserve "Hunger and Environmental Nutrition", a practice group with the American Dietetic Association and hosted by Cornell Univ. If you would like, I could post your question there. There has been discussion in the past on dietary oils with resources and contacts included. Unfortunately I can't search past postings.

Please let me know if you would like me to post your question there.

Kind regards,
Ellen

Anonymous 106

Normal user

4 Mar 2009, 01:54

Hello Ellen,

Thanks so much for your reply. I too belong to HEN and have already posted my question there (and also on AODA listserv). I did not receive much feedback, but was suggested to contact Institute for Shortening and Edible Oils. I wrote to them last month but have not received a reply. If you have any other suggestions please let me know.

Many thanks,
Erika

Anonymous 108

Nutritionist

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4 Mar 2009, 07:32

Dear Erika
I know of a related study to your question which found out that estimate of average consumption indicates that these oils combined do not provide too much of total energy . Complete shift or replacement of these oils with any highly unsaturated oil would probably have no measurable effect on serum cholesterol.

Another one was designed to evaluate the effect of consuming two-thirds of total fat or 20% of energy from palm oil compared with the effect of consuming partially hydrogenated soybean oil and oils high in monounsaturated (canola oil) or polyunsaturated (soybean oil) fatty acids on plasma fatty acid profiles, lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, and indicators of glucose homeostasis and HDL metabolism.
these was published by :
Sonia Vega-L?pez, Lynne M Ausman, Susan M Jalbert, Arja T Erkkil and Alice H Lichtenstein, From the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (SV-L, LMA, SMJ, and AHL) and the Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland (ATE)

The findings suggest that consumption of diets enriched with equivalent amounts of palm oil and partially hydrogenated soybean oil result in similar and less favorable concentrations of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B than does consumption of diets enriched with unsaturated fatty acids, either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. In practice, it is unclear whether achieving similar levels of functional characteristics in foods would require identical amounts of these 2 fats. At the levels fed, the response to dietary fats relatively high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was comparable. Differences in other CVD risk factors, HDL metabolism, and glucose homeostasis between the fats assessed were small. These results do not suggest that palm oil would be a good substitute for partially hydrogenated fat if equivalent amounts need to be used and further suggest that reliance on oils relatively high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids would be a preferable alternative to both.

other references include

McGandy RB, Hegsted DM, Myers ML. Use of semisynthetic fats in determining effects of specific dietary fatty acids on serum lipids in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1970;23:1288C98.

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F. Serum cholesterol response to change in the diet. Metabolism 1965;14:747C58.

warm greetings

cyprian

Othman H Siru

physician, Dr, Alliance College of Medical Science

Normal user

4 Nov 2009, 10:20

Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 179-187 (April 1995)

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Both dietary 18:2 and 16:0 may be required to improve the serum LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio in normocholesterolemic men

Kalyana Sundram1, K.C. Hayes2, Othman H. Siru3

Received 2 June 1994; accepted 23 November 1994.

Abstract
In a double-blind crossover study, 23 healthy normocholesterolemic mals volunteers were fed carefully designed whole food diets enriched by oleic acid (canola, CAN), palmitic acid (palm olein, POL), or an American Heart Association Step 1 fat blend (AHA)_. Resident males received each diet during three consecutive 4-week periods. The diets supplied approximately 31% energy as fat and <200 mg of cholesterol/day. The percent energy (% en) from each dietary fatty acid was strictly controlled to compare low-16:0, high-18:1 (CAN) or high-16:0, low-18:2 (POL) intake with a balanced intake of each (AHA). The first two diets represented direct exchange of 7% en between 18:1 + 18:2 (CAN) and 16:0 (POL), whereas the main difference between POL and AHA was <4% en exchanged between 16:0 and 18:2. Serum total cholesterol (TC), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and LDL-C were not significantly affected by the three diets despite manipulation of these key fatty acids. However, both CAN (low saturates [SATs], high monounsaturates [MONOs]) and POL (high SATs, low polyunsaturates [POLYs]) depressed HDL-C significantly (?8 mg/dL) relative to the AHA (mod SATs, mod POLYs) diet. Consequently, the AHA diet increased HDL3-C and lowered the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio significantly relative to the CAN and POL diets. Neither serum Lp(a), apoA1, nor apoB were affected by diet. These data support the previous observation that in normolipemic humans consuming a moderate fat load (<31% en) low in myristic acid (14:0) and dietary cholesterol, the effect of palmitic acid (16:0) on TC and the LDL/HDL ratio is comparable to that of monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1), Furthermore, a definite intake of POLYs and SATs may be essential for maximizing HDL3-C under these conditions.

Keywords: fatty acids, palmitic, oleic, lipoproteins, cholesterol, humans
No full text is available. To read the body of this article, please view the PDF online.

a Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

b Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham MA, USA

c Armed Forces Medical Corps, Kementah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Address reprint requests to Dr. K. Sundram, PORIM, P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

PII: 0955-2863(95)00029-Y

I was personally involved in this study comparing palm oil vs soya bean oil. Please feel free to contact me via e-mail for further detail of the study.

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